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Citation Examples: APA

Overview

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Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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APA: How to Cite ChatGPT Released April 7, 2023

When including AI-generated content in your academic work using APA style, treat it as a product of an algorithm. Attribute authorship to the organisation that developed the AI model (e.g., credit OpenAI for ChatGPT).

Guidelines for APA Style Referencing in Undergraduate Assignments:

  1. In-Text Citations and Reference List:

    • In-text citations are necessary for direct mentions of AI-generated content.
    • In the reference list, attribute authorship to the organisation behind the AI model.

  2. Integration into Research Description:

    • Explain the use of AI tools in your research in the introduction or methods section.
    • Provide details about the prompts used to interact with the AI.

  3. Handling Text Passages:

    • For brief AI-generated excerpts, incorporate them directly into your paper.
    • For longer responses, include relevant portions in the main text or direct readers to an appendix or online supplement for the complete content.

Following these guidelines ensures proper acknowledgment and referencing of AI-generated content in your academic writing.

Format

Author. (Date). Name of tool (Version of tool) [Large language model]. URL

Example

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

In-Text Citation Example

(OpenAI, 2023)

Books

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Book/eBook (single author)

Author. (Year). Title (Edition). Publisher. DOI or URL.

In-text citation

(Author,Kuhlmann, Year)2021)

Reference

Kuhlmann, S., Proeller, I., Schimanke, D., & Ziekow, J. (Eds.). (2021). Public administration in germany. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8.
eBooks and DOIs

If a book has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), add this to the end of the reference. If the article does not have a DOI but does have an accessible URL, include this at the end of the reference instead. You can check to see if the book you are referencing has a DOI at Crossref.

Book/eBook (two authors)

For sources with two authors, include both surnames in your in-text citation and full reference, maintaining the source's name order:

In-text citation

(Smith & Johnson, 2015, p.8) 

Reference

Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2015). Strategies for Effective Business Management. Business Press.

Book/eBook (three to twenty authors)

For sources with three to twenty authors, cite the first author followed by 'et al' in the in-text citation. List all authors in the full reference, separating them with commas and using an ampersand before the last one:

In-text citation

(Jones et al., 2019) 

Reference

Jones, M., Davis, R., Clark, P., & Brown, S. (2019). Enhancing Leadership Skills in Business Education. Journal of Business Education, 12(3), 245-260.

Book/eBook (more than twenty authors)

For sources with more than twenty authors, include only the first author followed by 'et al' in the in-text citation. List the first 19 authors in the full reference, separated by commas, followed by an ellipsis (...) and the final author:

In-text citation

(Williams et al., 2020)

Reference

Williams, C., Adams, E., Turner, G., Harris, M., Miller, J., Moore, K., ...Taylor, R. (2020). Innovations in Business Research. Business Journal, 8, 112-125.

Book chapters

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Chapter in an edited book

Smith, J. (2020). Innovations in Market Analysis. In K. Johnson & R. Anderson (Eds.), Business Trends: Navigating the Future (3rd ed., pp. 112-135). Horizon Publications.

In-text citation

(Smith, 2020)

Reference

Smith, J. (2020). Innovations in Market Analysis. In K. Johnson & R. Anderson (Eds.), Business Trends: Navigating the Future (3rd ed., pp. 112-135). Horizon Publications.

Conferences

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Conference Presentation

  • Author of paper.
  • Year of publication in citation, and full dates of the conference in the reference.
  • Title of presentation in italics, with description of presentation type in square brackets. 
  • Name of conference.
  • Location.
  • If a link to the video of the presentation is available, add this to the end of the reference.

In-text citation

(Bird, 2019)

Reference

Bird, N. (2019, May 15-17). Strategies for Business Innovation: Exploring the Dynamics of Corporate Dispositions [Conference presentation]. BizInnovate 2019, Virtual Conference.

Data

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  • Author/Rights Holder.
  • Year of publication.
  • Title of dataset in italics.
  • (Version number) and separate with a semi-colon.
  • [Description of form, e.g. Data set or Data set and code book].
  • Publisher.
  • URL if available.

If you are citing published data, for example if it appears in a book or journal article, cite the publication rather than the data itself. 

In-text citation

(ABC Business Summit, 2009)

Reference

ABC Business Summit. (2009). 2007 Business Insights Survey [Data file and code book]. ABC Publishing. http://abcbusinesssummit.org/datasets/

Journal articles

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  • Author (surname followed by initials).
  • Year of publication (in round brackets).
  • Title of article.
  • Title of journal (in italics - capitalise first letter of each word in title, except for linking words such as and, of, the, for).
  • Volume number (in italics) and, where applicable, part number, month, or season (in round brackets).
  • Page numbers.
  • DOI 

In-text citation

(Smith, 2022)

Reference

Smith, J. (2022). Innovations in Business Strategies. International Business Symposium, 5(2), 45-56. https://doi:10.1234/ibs2022/innovations

Online video

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Format

Creator (Date). Title. [Video]. Site name. URL.

In-text citation

(MadeUp Business Conference, 2020)

Reference

MadeUp Business Conference (2020). The MadeUp Business Conference experience. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLxV5L6IaFA

Webpage

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Format

Corporate or individual author (Date). Title. URL.

In-text citation

(Fictional Business Conference, 2021)

Reference

Fictional Business Conference (2021, August 6). Updates on Business Innovations. https://www.fictionalbusinessconference.com/updates-business-innovations

Thanks to the following sources for providing partial inspiration/content for this page: University College London.

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