Citation Examples: Chicago

Please note that guidelines for working with generative AI are both new and changing quickly. It's always a good idea to check the website of the style guide for the latest information.

Chicago Manual of Style, Citing Content Developed or Generated by Artificial Intelligence, Released in spring 2023

In Chicago style, when citing AI-generated content, acknowledge the AI tool as the author. You can include a note or parenthetical citation without listing it in your bibliography. Currently, Chicago advises treating AI content like private conversations, as shareable links are not typically available. Mention the prompt details in the text or as a footnote, and use the date of content generation in your citation. Note that guidance may evolve with new AI features.

Format

Author, Title, Publisher, Date, url for the tool.  

Example (if information about the prompt has been included within the text of your paper)

Text generated by ChatGPT, OpenAI, March 7, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/chat. 

Example (including information about the prompt)

ChatGPT, response to "Provide step by step instructions on how to build a house," OpenAI, March 7, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/chat. 

Book (single author)

In-text citation

Use a superscript number (like this: ¹) in the text at the place where you are indicating that you are citing from a source.

"There is a consistently high correlation between the voting patterns of parents and the eventual voting patterns of their children, as demonstrated by Miller and Hastings."²

Footnote

 #. Author's First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page.                      

 2. Kathleen Thelen, How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 271.

Reference

Author’s Last name, First name. Title: Subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication.

Thelen, Kathleen. How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Book (two or three authors)

In-text citation

Use a superscript number (like this: ¹) in the text at the place where you are indicating that you are citing from a source.

The Seattle Advertiser made some startling claims about interventions by corporate interests in the 2004 mayoral election.¹

Footnote

 #. First author First name Last name and second author First name Last name, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), Page.                     

 1. Peter Gourevitch and James Shinn, Political Power and Corporate Control: The New Global Politics of Corporate Governance (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2005), 59.

Reference

First author Last name, First name, and second author First name Last name. Title: Subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

Gourevitch, Peter, and James Shinn. Political Power and Corporate Control: The New Global Politics of Corporate Governance. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2005.

Book (more than three authors)

In-text citation

Use a superscript number (like this: ¹) in the text at the place where you are indicating that you are citing from a source.

The theory that the Renaissance marked a radical break with previous history is now discounted by many, notably by Sadie Hawkins in her book The Myth of the Renaissance.³

Footnote

#. First author First name Last name et al., Title: Subtitle (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication), Page.

 3. Camilla de La Bédoyère et al., A Brief History of Art (London: Flame Tree Publishing, 2006), 101.

Reference

First Author Last name, First name, remaining authors’ First name Last name. Title: Subtitle. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

De la Bédoyère, Camilla, Ihor Holubizky, Julia Kelly, Michael Kerrigan, James Mackay, William Matar, Tom Middlemos, Michael Robinson, and Iain Zaczek. A Brief History of Art. London: Flame Tree Publishing, 2006.