Citation Examples: APA

Chicago (18th edition): Author-Date

Chicago style lists the AI tool's developer as the author. The date is the date you generated the content, not a publication date.

In-text citation

(OpenAI 2024)

Reference list entry (with a shareable URL)

OpenAI. 2024. Response to "Describe three approaches to sustainable façade design for a tropical climate." ChatGPT-4o, November 14, 2024. https://chatgpt.com/share/[link].

Reference list entry (prompt included in the text of your paper)

OpenAI. 2024. Text generated by ChatGPT-4o, November 14, 2024. https://chatgpt.com/share/[link].

If no shareable URL is available

Some AI tools, including institutionally licensed versions of Copilot and Gemini, do not generate shareable links. In that case, describe the exchange clearly in your text and note that the conversation is not publicly retrievable. A bibliography entry is optional but should include as much identifying information as possible:

Microsoft. 2024. Response to "Summarize current building regulations for passive house design in Northern Europe." Microsoft Copilot, October 3, 2024. Conversation not publicly retrievable.

Notes

• Replace the example prompts with your own. Keep the prompt text in quotation marks.
• Include the model version (GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5, etc.) where you know it; this matters because different versions produce different outputs.
• Chicago 18th edition guidance on AI citation is covered at section 14.112. The guidance is subject to further revision; check the Chicago Manual of Style Q&A for updates.

APA: How to Cite ChatGPT Released April 7, 2023

When including AI-generated content in your academic work using APA style, treat it as a product of an algorithm. Attribute authorship to the organisation that developed the AI model (e.g., credit OpenAI for ChatGPT).

Guidelines for APA Style Referencing in Undergraduate Assignments:

1. In-Text Citations and Reference List:

   • In-text citations are necessary for direct mentions of AI-generated content.
   • In the reference list, attribute authorship to the organisation behind the AI model.

2. Integration into Research Description:

   • Explain the use of AI tools in your research in the introduction or methods section.
   • Provide details about the prompts used to interact with the AI.

3. Handling Text Passages:

   • For brief AI-generated excerpts, incorporate them directly into your paper.
   • For longer responses, include relevant portions in the main text or direct readers to an appendix or online supplement for the complete content.

Following these guidelines ensures proper acknowledgment and referencing of AI-generated content in your academic writing.

Format

Author. (Date). Name of tool (Version of tool) [Large language model]. URL

In-text citation

Reference

Book/eBook (single author)

Author. (Year). Title (Edition). Publisher. DOI or URL.

In-text citation

Reference

eBooks and DOIs

If a book has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), add this to the end of the reference. If the article does not have a DOI but does have an accessible URL, include this at the end of the reference instead. You can check to see if the book you are referencing has a DOI at Crossref.

Book/eBook (two authors)

For sources with two authors, include both surnames in your in-text citation and full reference, maintaining the source's name order:

In-text citation

Reference

Book/eBook (three to twenty authors)

For sources with three to twenty authors, cite the first author followed by 'et al' in the in-text citation. List all authors in the full reference, separating them with commas and using an ampersand before the last one:

In-text citation

Reference

Book/eBook (more than twenty authors)

For sources with more than twenty authors, include only the first author followed by 'et al' in the in-text citation. List the first 19 authors in the full reference, separated by commas, followed by an ellipsis (...) and the final author:

In-text citation

Reference

Chapter in an edited book

In-text citation

Reference

Conference Presentation

• Author of paper.
• Year of publication in citation, and full dates of the conference in the reference.
• Title of presentation in italics, with description of presentation type in square brackets. 
• Name of conference.
• Location.
• If a link to the video of the presentation is available, add this to the end of the reference.

In-text citation

Reference

• Author/Rights Holder.
• Year of publication.
• Title of dataset in italics.
• (Version number) and separate with a semi-colon.
• [Description of form, e.g. Data set or Data set and code book].
• Publisher.
• URL if available.

If you are citing published data, for example if it appears in a book or journal article, cite the publication rather than the data itself. 

In-text citation

Reference

• Author (surname followed by initials).
• Year of publication (in round brackets).
• Title of article.
• Title of journal (in italics - capitalise first letter of each word in title, except for linking words such as and, of, the, for).
• Volume number (in italics) and, where applicable, part number, month, or season (in round brackets).
• Page numbers.
• DOI 

In-text citation

Reference

Format

Creator. (Date). Title. [Video]. Site name. URL.

In-text citation

Reference

Format

Corporate or individual author. (Date). Title. URL.

In-text citation

Reference